Let's enjoy touring around Okinawa Gusuku! 7 popular spots from the ruins of World Heritage castles to hidden spots
Table of Contents
What Makes a Tour of Okinawa’s Gusuku So Appealing?
In this column, we’ll provide a comprehensive overview of everything from the basics of the “gusuku” scattered throughout Okinawa to seven recommended spots—including World Heritage sites—and tips on how to explore them.
If you want to experience the romantic history of the Ryukyu Kingdom firsthand, be sure to read this all the way through!
◆ Those interested in the history and culture of the Ryukyu Kingdom
◆ For those who want to visit every World Heritage-listed gusuku
◆ For those who want to enjoy historical sites with their children and family
Okinawa Main Island
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What exactly is a “gusuku”?
An Explanation of the Basics
You may have heard the word “gusuku,” but surprisingly few people may actually know its meaning or history.
Here, we’ll explain the basics of gusuku in an easy-to-understand way.
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The Meaning and Origins of "Gusuku"
"Gusuku" is a word in the Okinawan language that means"Castle"means.
Unlike castles on the mainland, it was built by stacking limestone blocks"Nozura-zumi"It employs a unique stone-masonry technique known as [...], and is characterized by an architectural style deeply rooted in Okinawa’s natural environment.
It is believed that gusuku were not merely military facilities, but also served as places of worship and the centers of their communities.
The Historical Context in Which the Gusuku Were Built
The construction of gusuku reached its peak when,Around the 12th to 15th centuriesof the
During this period, powerful local clans known as “aji” vied for influence across Okinawa, each using a gusuku as their base to expand their territories.
Before longIn 1429, Shō Hashi(Shōhashi) unified Okinawa, leading to the establishment of the Ryukyu Kingdom. The gusuku still stand today as reminders of that history.
Differences Between Gusuku and Castles on the Mainland
The main differences from a gusuku lie in their structure and purpose.
While castles on the mainland have wooden keep towers and were built primarily for defense, gusuku areStone-Masonry Castle Walls (Castle Enclosures)...is the main feature, and there are almost no structures equivalent to a castle keep.
Also, at the gusuku,UtakiThere are often sacred sites known as [...], and their role as places of worship remains strongly evident.
It's even listed as a World Heritage Site!
7 Recommended Gusuku Sites in Okinawa
In Okinawa, there are a total ofMore than 300 gusukuIt is said that there are [...]. Here, we’ll introduce seven spots that are particularly worth seeing.
Shuri Castle (Naha City)
When it comes to Okinawa’s most iconic gusuku, Shuri Castle is undoubtedly the one. As the royal castle of the Ryukyu Kingdom,About 450 yearsIt has served as a center of politics, diplomacy, and culture throughout this period.
Although restoration work is still underway following the 2019 fire, part of the viewing area around the Main Hall is open to the public, offering a rare opportunity to see the restoration process in real time.
The castle area, which has been designated a World Heritage Site, is also a must-see.
Access: 30 minutes by car from Naha Airport
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Nakagusuku Castle Ruins (Nakagusuku Village)
The Nakagusuku Castle Ruins date back to the 15th century, whenGosamaruThis is a gusuku known for its later additions.
Recognized for its complex structure—comprising six baileys—and its excellent state of preservation, it was designated a World Heritage Site in 2000. From the top of the castle walls, visitors are treated to a breathtaking view of both the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean, which captivates all who visit.
Access: 45 minutes by car from Naha Airport
Katsuren Castle Ruins (Uruma City)
The ruins of Katsuren Castle are the site where the hero who resisted the Ryukyu Kingdom until the very end,AmawariIt is known as the seat of power.
The stone walls towering over the hill are truly impressive, and from the summit, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the Umi-no-Kōdō and the surrounding islands. Designated as a World Heritage Site in 2000, it’s a spot where you can enjoy both history and breathtaking scenery.
Access: 1 hour drive from Naha Airport
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Zakimi Castle Ruins (Yomitan Village)
The Zakimi Castle Ruins are the remains of a gusuku built in the early 15th century by Gosa-maru, a master castle builder.
Arched Castle GateIt is considered the oldest of its kind in Okinawa, and its beautiful curves are a must-see. Although small in scale, its highly refined stonework has earned it recognition as a World Heritage Site. Located on a hill in Yomitan Village, the scenery—with the surrounding greenery—is truly exceptional.
Access: 1 hour drive from Naha Airport
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Nakijin Castle Ruins (Nakijin Village)
The Nakijin Castle Ruins are a large gusuku located on the Motobu Peninsula in the northern part of the main island of Okinawa.
Once upon a timeThe Castle of the King of KitayamaIt flourished as a major center and served as a hub for trade with China and Southeast Asia. In the spring, the Kanhi cherry blossoms bloom in full splendor, and the site is popular for the beautiful sight of the castle ruins and cherry blossoms together.
It is listed as a World Heritage Site, and nighttime illumination events are held there.
Access: 1 hour and 45 minutes by car from Naha Airport
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Tour held in Nakijin (around Janguria)
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Sefa Utaki (Nanjo City)
Strictly speaking, Sefa Utaki is not a castle ruin, butThe highest sacred place of the Ryukyu KingdomThis is the sacred mountain known as Ontake.
However, it is registered as part of the World Heritage site “Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu” and is inextricably linked to Gusuku culture. The light streaming through the massive rocks and the atmosphere of tranquility deeply move visitors.
Access: 50 minutes by car from Naha Airport
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Chinen Castle Ruins (Nanjo City)
The Chinen Castle Ruins are the remains of an ancient gusuku located on the Chinen Peninsula in Nanjo City, andNorth Gusk and South GuskIt is divided into two areas.
The castle walls, built of stacked limestone, are still well-preserved today, and although the site is on the smaller side, you can fully immerse yourself in its historic atmosphere. Many visitors combine a trip here with a visit to Sefa Utaki, making it a must-see stop on any tour of the Nanbu Gusuku.
Access: 45 minutes by car from Naha Airport
Tips for Getting More Out of Your Gusuku Tour
We’ve put together some tips to help you have a more fulfilling experience when visiting the gusuku. Be sure to check them out in advance so you can enjoy a comfortable tour of the gusuku!
Recommended Seasons and Times to Visit
The best season for touring gusuku is when the weather is mildAround November through MarchIt is.
During the summer, temperatures can exceed 35 degrees, and touring outdoors in the strong sunlight can be physically exhausting. We recommend visiting early in the morning or in the cooler evening hours.
At the Nakijin Castle Ruins, the Kanhi cherry blossoms reach their peak in January and February, so you can enjoy a tour of the gusuku sites while viewing the blossoms.
Clothing, What to Bring, and Important Notes
When touring a gusuku, you’ll often have to walk on uneven cobblestone paths and steep slopes, soSneakers and comfortable walking shoesis required.
During the summer, be sure to bring a hat, sunscreen, and something to drink. Also, since many gusuku are considered sacred sites, it is important to observe proper etiquette—such as visiting quietly and refraining from climbing on the stone walls or fortifications.
An Efficient Model Itinerary
If you want to tour the gusuku efficiently,Visit each area in groupsThat's the trick.
In the southern area, you can visit Sefa Utaki and the Chinen Castle Ruins as a set, and in the central area, you can tour the Nakagusuku Castle Ruins, Katsuren Castle Ruins, and Zakimi Castle Ruins all in one day. Traveling by rental car makes getting around easy, and access from Naha is relatively good.
Shuri Castle is located in Naha City, and it’s a great spot to visit in combination with Kokusai Street and the Makishi Public Market.
Okinawa One-Day Sightseeing Bus Tour
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Okinawan Gusuku
There are a total of nine component sites that were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2000 as “Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.” In addition to the ruins of Shuri Castle, Nakagusuku Castle, Katsuren Castle, Zakimi Castle, and Nakijin Castle, the site includes Sefa Utaki, the Stone Gate of Sonohyan Utaki, Tamaudun, and Shikina-en Garden.
Shuri Castle is located in Naha City and can be reached by the Yui Rail. However, since the Nakagusuku Castle Ruins, Katsuren Castle Ruins, and Nakijin Castle Ruins are in locations that are difficult to reach by public transportation, renting a car is highly recommended. If you want to efficiently visit multiple gusuku sites, be sure to arrange for a rental car in advance.
It varies by gusuku. Admission fees are required for Shuri Castle Park (paid area), Nakijin Castle Ruins, Sefa Utaki, and Nakagusuku Castle Ruins. On the other hand, Katsuren Castle Ruins, Zakimi Castle Ruins, and Chinen Castle Ruins can be visited for free. We recommend checking the latest information on each facility’s official website before your visit.
summary
Okinawa's gusuku are special places that encapsulate the history and culture of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Centered around the Gusuku sites listed as World Heritage Sites, Okinawa is home to numerous castle ruins, each with its own unique character. A tour of these Gusuku sites, where you can enjoy breathtaking views while feeling the weight of history, will make your trip to Okinawa deeper and more enriching.
Be sure to use this column as a guide to create your very own gusuku tour itinerary!
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